stats

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Non-parametric one-way ANOVA — H statistic with tie correction, Dunn post-hoc pairwise comparisons.

Non-parametric alternative to One-Way ANOVA — use when normality assumption is violated.

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Kruskal-Wallis Results

H statistic (corrected)—

H (uncorrected)—

Tie correction factor C—

df—

p-value (χ² approx)—

η² effect size—

Conclusion α = 0.05—

Conclusion α = 0.01—

H = 12/(N(N+1)) · Σ(R_j²/n_j) − 3(N+1) · C = 1 − Σ(t³−t)/(N³−N)

η² = (H − k + 1) / (N − k)